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KUNCI LISTENING 21
  1. Focus on The Last Dialogue   2. Choose Answers with Synonyms   3. Avoid Similar Sounds   4. Draw Conclusions About Who, What, and Where   5. Listen for Who and What In Passives   6. Listen for Who and What With Multiple Nouns   7. Listen for Negative Expressions   8. Listen for Double Negative Expressions   9. Listen for "Almost Negative" Expressions 10. Listen for Negatives With Comparatives 11. Listen for Expressions of Agreement 12. Listen for Expressions of Uncertainty and Suggestion 13. Listen for Emphatic Expressions of Surprise 14. Listen for Wishes 15. Listen for Untrue Conditions 16. Listen for Two and Three Part Verbs 17. Listen for Idioms 18. Strategies of Long Conversation 19. Listen for Answer in Order 20. Strategies of Long Talk 21. Listen for Answer in Order
KUNCI STRUCTURE 60
A. Sentences with One Clause   1. Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb   2. Be careful of objects of prepositions   3. Be careful of appositives   4. Be careful of present participles   5. Be careful of past participles B. Sentences with Multiple Clauses   6. Use coordinate connectors correctly   7. Use adverb time And cause connectors correctly   8. Use other adverb connectors correctly C. More Sentences with Multiple Clauses   9. Use noun clause connectors correctly 10. Use noun clause connector/subjects correctly 11. Use adjective clause connectors correctly 12. Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly D. Sentences with Reduced Clauses 13. Use reduced adjective clauses correctly 14. Use reduced adverb clauses correctly E. Sentences with Inverted Subjects and Verbs 15. Invert the subject and verb with question words 16. Invert the subject and verb with place expressions 17. Invert the subject and verb with negatives 18. Invert the subject and verb with conditionals 19. Invert the subject and verb with comparisons F. Problems with Subject/Verb Agreement 20. Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases 21. Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity 22. Make inverted verbs agree 23. Make verbs agree after certain words G. Problems with Parallel Structure 24. Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions 25. Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions 26. Use parallel structure with comparisons H. Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives 27. Form comparatives and superlatives correctly 28. Use comparatives and superlatives correctly 29. Use the irregular -er, -er structure correctly I. Problems with the Form of the Verb 30. After have, use the past participle 31. After be, use the present participle or the past participle 32. After will, would, or other modals, use the base form of the verb J. Problems with the Use of the Verb 33. Know when to use the past with the present 34. Use have and had correctly 35. Use the correct tense with time expressions 36. Use the correct tense with will and would K. Problems with Passive Verbs 37. Use the correct form of the passive 38. Recognize active and passive meanings L. Problems with Nouns 39. Use the correct singular or plural noun 40. Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns 41. Recognize irregular plurals of nouns 42. Distinguish the person from the thing M. Problems with Pronouns 43. Distinguish subject and object pronouns 44. Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns 45. Check pronoun reference for agreement N. Problems with Adjectives and Adverbs 46. Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly 47. Use adjectives after linking verbs 48. Position adjectives and adverbs correctly O. More Problems with Adjectives 49. Recognize -ly adjectives 50. Use predicate adjectives correctly 51. Use -ed and -ing adjectives correctly P. Problems with Articles 52. Use articles with singular nouns 53. Distinguish a and an 54. Make articles agree with nouns 55. Distinguish specific and general ideas Q. Problems with Prepositions 56. Recognize incorrect prepositions 57. Recognize when prepositions have been omitted R. Problems with Usage 58. Distinguish make and do 59. Distinguish like, alike, and unlike 60. Distinguish other, another, and others
KUNCI READING 13
A. Question about the Ideas of the Passage   1. Answer Main Idea Questions Correctly   2. Recognize The Organization of Ideas B. Directly Answered Questions   3. Answer Stated Detail Questions Correctly   4. Find "unstated" Details   5. Find Pronouns Referents C. Vocabulary Questions   6. Answer Implied Detail Questions Correctly   7. Answer Transition Questions Correctly D. Vocabulary Questions   8. Find Definitions From Structural Clues   9. Determine Meanings From Word Parts 10. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Difficult Words 11. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words E. Overall Review Questions 12. Determine Where Specific Information Is Found 13. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words
PRAKTIK TES 5
    1. Practice One     2. Practice Two     3. Practice Three     4. Practice Four     5. Practice Five
STATISTIC 4
    1. Statistic Listening     2. Statistic Structure     3. Statistic Reading     4. Statistic Practice
INTERMEZZO 1
    1. Intermezzo
APPENDIX 9
    1. Irregular Verb     2. Idiomatic Expression     3. Preposition     4. Word Prefix     5. Word Suffix     6. Word Part     7. Tenses     8. TOEFL Words     9. Similar Sound
INFO TOEFL 8
    1. Tempat Tes TOEFL     2. Jenis Tes TOEFL     3. Strategi Tes TOEFL     4. Tips Tes TOEFL     5. Persyaratan TOEFL     6. Registrasi Tes TOEFL     7. Manfaat Tes TOEFL     8. Sertifikat TOEFL
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Questions 11-21Close

L.1       Mount Rushmore is a well-known monument in the Black Hills of South Dakota that features
L.2 the countenances of four United States presidents: Washington, Jefferson, Roosevelt, and Lincoln.
L.3 What is not so well known is that the process of creating this national treasure was not exactly an
L.4 uneventful one.
L.5       Mount Rushmore was the project of the visionary sculptor John Gutzen de la Mothe Borglum,
L.6 who was bom in Idaho but studied sculpture in Paris in his youth and befriended the famous French
L.7 sculptor Auguste Rodin. In 1927 Borglum was granted a commission by the federal government to
L.8 create the sculpture on Mount Rushmore. Though he was nearly sixty years old when he started, he
L.9 was undaunted by the enormity of the project and the obstacles that it engendered. He optimistically
.10 asserted that the project would be completed within five years, not caring to recognize the potential
.11 problems that such a massive project would involve, the problems of dealing with financing, with
.12 government bureaucracy, and with Mother Nature herself. An example of what Mother Nature had to
.13 throw at the project was the fissure -or large crack- that developed in the granite where Jefferson
.14 was being carved. Jefferson had to be moved to the other side of Washington, next to Roosevelt
.15 because of the break in the stone. The work that had been started on the first Jefferson had to be
.16 dynamited away.
.17       Mount Rushmore was not completed within the five years predicted by Borglum and was in fact
.18 not actually completed within Borglum’s lifetime, although it was almost finished. Borglum died on
.19 March 6, 1941, at the age of seventy-four, after fourteen years of work on the presidents. His son,
.20 Lincoln Borglum, who had worked with his father throughout the project, completed the monument
.21 within eight months of his fathers death.
Note: L = line
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Questions 22-31Close

L.1       Carbon dating can be used to estimate the age of any organic natural material; it has been used
L.2 successfully in archeology to determine the age of ancient artifacts or fossils as well as in a variety of
L.3 other fields, the principle underlying the use of carbon dating is that carbon is a part of all living
L.4 things on Earth. Since a radioactive substance such as carbon-14 has a known half-life, the amount of
L.5 carbon-14 remaining in an object can be used to date that object.
L.6       Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,570 years, which means that after that number of years half of the
L.7 carbon-14 atoms have decayed into nitrogen-14. It is the ratio of carbon-14 to nitrogen-14 in that
L.8 substance that indicates the age of the substance. If, for example, in a particular sample the amount
L.9 of carbon-14 is roughly equivalent to the amount of nitrogen-14, this indicates that around half of the
.10 carbon-14 has decayed into nitrogen-14, and the sample is approximately 5,570 years old.
.11       Carbon dating cannot be used effectively in dating objects that are older than 80,000 years.
.12 When objects are that old, much of the carbon-14 has already decayed into nitrogen-14, and the
.13 minuscule amount that is left does not provide a reliable measurement of age. In the case of older
.14 objects, other age-dating methods are available, methods which use radioactive atoms with longer
.15 half-lives than carbon has.
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Questions 32-40Close

L.1       Madison Square Garden, a world-famous sporting venue in New York City, has actually been a
L.2 series of buildings in varied locations rather than a single building in one spot. In 1873, P. T. Bamum
L.3 built Barnum’s Monster Classical and Geological Hippodrome at the comer of Madison Avenue and
L.4 26th Street, across from Madison Square Park. Two years later, bandleader Patrick Gilmore bought
L.5 the property, added statues and fountains, and renamed it Gilmore's Gardens. When Cornelius
L.6 Vanderbilt bought the property in 1879, it was renamed Madison Square Garden.
L.7       A second very lavish Madison Square Garden was built at the same location in 1890, with a
L.8 ballroom, a restaurant, a theater, a rooftop garden, and a main arena with seating for 15,000.
L.9 However, this elaborate Madison Square Garden lasted only until 1924, when it was tom down to
.10 make way for a forty-story skyscraper.
.11       When the second Madison Square Garden had been replaced in its location across from
.12 Madison Square Park, boxing promoter Tex Rickard raised six million dollars to build a new Madison
.13 Square Garden. This new Madison Square Garden was constructed in a different location, on 8th
.14 Avenue and 50th Street and quite some distance from Madison Square Park and Madison Avenue.
.15 Rickard’s Madison Square Garden served primarily as an arena for boxing prizefights and circus
.16 events until it outgrew its usefulness by the late 1950s.
.17       A new location was found for a fourth Madison Square Garden, atop Pennsylvania Railroad
.18 Station, and plans were announced for its construction in 1960. This current edifice, which includes a
.19 huge sports arena, a bowling center, a 5,000-seat amphitheater, and a twenty-nine-story office
.20 building, does retain the traditional name Madison Square Garden. However, the name is actually
.21 quite a misnomer. The building is not located near Madison Square, nor does it have the flowery
.22 gardens that contributed to the original name.
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Questions 41-50Close

L.1       It is often the case with folktales that they develop from actual happenings but in their
L.2 development lose much of their factual base; the story of Pocahontas quite possibly fits into this
L.3 category of folktale. This princess of the Powhatan tribe was firmly established in the lore of early
L.4 America and has been made even more famous by the Disney film based on the folktale that arose from
L.5 her life. She was a real-life person, but the actual story of her life most probably differed considerably
L.6 from the folktale and the movie based on the folktale.
L.7       Powhatan, the chief of a confederacy of tribes in Virginia, had several daughters, none of whom
L.8 was actually named Pocahontas. The nickname means "playful one,” and several of Powhatan's
L.9 daughters were called Pocahontas. The daughter of Powhatan who became the subject of the folktale
.10 was named Matoaka. What has been verified about Matoaka, or Pocahontas as she has come to be
.11 known, is that she did marry an Englishman and that she did spend time in England before she died
.12 there at a young age. In the spring of 1613, a young Pocahontas was captured by the English and
.13 taken to Jamestown. There she was treated with courtesy as the daughter of chief Powhatan. While
.14 Pocahontas was at Jamestown, English gentleman John Rolfe fell in love with her and asked her to
.15 marry. Both the governor of the Jamestown colony and Pocahontas’s father Powhatan approved the
.16 marriage as a means of securing peace between Powhatan's tribe and the English at Jamestown. In
.17 1616, Pocahontas accompanied her new husband to England, where she was royally received. Shortly
.18 before her planned return to Virginia in 1617, she contracted an illness and died rather suddenly.
.19       A major part of the folktale of Pocahontas that is unverified concerns her love for English
.20 Captain John Smith in the period of time before her capture by the British and her rescue of him
.21 from almost certain death. Captain John Smith was indeed at the colony of Jamestown and was
.22 acquainted with Powhatan and his daughters; he even described meeting them in a 1612 journal.
.23 However, the story of his rescue by the young maiden did not appear in his writings until 1624, well
.24 after Pocahontas had aroused widespread interest in England by her marriage to an English
.25 gentleman and her visit to England. It is this discrepancy in dates that has caused some historians to
.26 doubt the veracity of the tale. However, other historians do argue quite persuasively that this incident
.27 did truly take place.
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