STRUCTURE

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KUNCI LISTENING 21
  1. Focus on The Last Dialogue   2. Choose Answers with Synonyms   3. Avoid Similar Sounds   4. Draw Conclusions About Who, What, and Where   5. Listen for Who and What In Passives   6. Listen for Who and What With Multiple Nouns   7. Listen for Negative Expressions   8. Listen for Double Negative Expressions   9. Listen for "Almost Negative" Expressions 10. Listen for Negatives With Comparatives 11. Listen for Expressions of Agreement 12. Listen for Expressions of Uncertainty and Suggestion 13. Listen for Emphatic Expressions of Surprise 14. Listen for Wishes 15. Listen for Untrue Conditions 16. Listen for Two and Three Part Verbs 17. Listen for Idioms 18. Strategies of Long Conversation 19. Listen for Answer in Order 20. Strategies of Long Talk 21. Listen for Answer in Order
KUNCI STRUCTURE 60
A. Sentences with One Clause   1. Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb   2. Be careful of objects of prepositions   3. Be careful of appositives   4. Be careful of present participles   5. Be careful of past participles B. Sentences with Multiple Clauses   6. Use coordinate connectors correctly   7. Use adverb time And cause connectors correctly   8. Use other adverb connectors correctly C. More Sentences with Multiple Clauses   9. Use noun clause connectors correctly 10. Use noun clause connector/subjects correctly 11. Use adjective clause connectors correctly 12. Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly D. Sentences with Reduced Clauses 13. Use reduced adjective clauses correctly 14. Use reduced adverb clauses correctly E. Sentences with Inverted Subjects and Verbs 15. Invert the subject and verb with question words 16. Invert the subject and verb with place expressions 17. Invert the subject and verb with negatives 18. Invert the subject and verb with conditionals 19. Invert the subject and verb with comparisons F. Problems with Subject/Verb Agreement 20. Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases 21. Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity 22. Make inverted verbs agree 23. Make verbs agree after certain words G. Problems with Parallel Structure 24. Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions 25. Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions 26. Use parallel structure with comparisons H. Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives 27. Form comparatives and superlatives correctly 28. Use comparatives and superlatives correctly 29. Use the irregular -er, -er structure correctly I. Problems with the Form of the Verb 30. After have, use the past participle 31. After be, use the present participle or the past participle 32. After will, would, or other modals, use the base form of the verb J. Problems with the Use of the Verb 33. Know when to use the past with the present 34. Use have and had correctly 35. Use the correct tense with time expressions 36. Use the correct tense with will and would K. Problems with Passive Verbs 37. Use the correct form of the passive 38. Recognize active and passive meanings L. Problems with Nouns 39. Use the correct singular or plural noun 40. Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns 41. Recognize irregular plurals of nouns 42. Distinguish the person from the thing M. Problems with Pronouns 43. Distinguish subject and object pronouns 44. Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns 45. Check pronoun reference for agreement N. Problems with Adjectives and Adverbs 46. Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly 47. Use adjectives after linking verbs 48. Position adjectives and adverbs correctly O. More Problems with Adjectives 49. Recognize -ly adjectives 50. Use predicate adjectives correctly 51. Use -ed and -ing adjectives correctly P. Problems with Articles 52. Use articles with singular nouns 53. Distinguish a and an 54. Make articles agree with nouns 55. Distinguish specific and general ideas Q. Problems with Prepositions 56. Recognize incorrect prepositions 57. Recognize when prepositions have been omitted R. Problems with Usage 58. Distinguish make and do 59. Distinguish like, alike, and unlike 60. Distinguish other, another, and others
KUNCI READING 13
A. Question about the Ideas of the Passage   1. Answer Main Idea Questions Correctly   2. Recognize The Organization of Ideas B. Directly Answered Questions   3. Answer Stated Detail Questions Correctly   4. Find "unstated" Details   5. Find Pronouns Referents C. Vocabulary Questions   6. Answer Implied Detail Questions Correctly   7. Answer Transition Questions Correctly D. Vocabulary Questions   8. Find Definitions From Structural Clues   9. Determine Meanings From Word Parts 10. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Difficult Words 11. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words E. Overall Review Questions 12. Determine Where Specific Information Is Found 13. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words
PRAKTIK TES 5
    1. Practice One     2. Practice Two     3. Practice Three     4. Practice Four     5. Practice Five
STATISTIC 4
    1. Statistic Listening     2. Statistic Structure     3. Statistic Reading     4. Statistic Practice
INTERMEZZO 1
    1. Intermezzo
APPENDIX 9
    1. Irregular Verb     2. Idiomatic Expression     3. Preposition     4. Word Prefix     5. Word Suffix     6. Word Part     7. Tenses     8. TOEFL Words     9. Similar Sound
INFO TOEFL 8
    1. Tempat Tes TOEFL     2. Jenis Tes TOEFL     3. Strategi Tes TOEFL     4. Tips Tes TOEFL     5. Persyaratan TOEFL     6. Registrasi Tes TOEFL     7. Manfaat Tes TOEFL     8. Sertifikat TOEFL
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Kunci Rahasia 24Close

Use Parallel Structure With Coordinate
Gunakan Paralel Struktur Bersama Konjungsi Sederajat
Fungsi konjungsi sederajat (and, but, or) adalah menggabungkan bersama-sama pernyataan yang sama menjadi struktur paralel. Konjungsi ini bisa menggabungkan kata benda (noun), kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), frasa (phrase), anak kalimat, atau kalimat utama. Masing-masing hanya dapat digabungkan jika bentuknya yang sama.

A. Contoh dua kata benda (noun) yang digabungkan dengan konjungsi sederajat (coordinate conjunction):
  • She is not a teacher but a lawyer. (Dia bukan seorang guru tetapi seorang pengacara)
  • You can choose from activities such as hiking and kayaking. (Kamu bisa memilih kegiatan diantaranya gerak jalandan mendayung)
  • I need to talk to the manager or the assistant manager. (Saya perlu berbicara kepada manajer atau asisten manajer)
B. Contoh dua kata kerja (verb) yang digabungkan dengan konjungsi sederajat (coordinate conjunction):
  • He only eats and sleeps when he takes a vacation. (Dia hanya makan dan tidur ketika dia liburan)
  • She invites us to her home but never talks with us. (Dia mengundang kami untuk ke rumahnya tetapi tak pernah berbicara dengan kami)
  • You can stay home or go to the movies with us. (Kamu bisa tinggal di rumah atau pergi ke bioskop bersama kami)
C. Contoh dua kata sifat (adjective) yang digabungkan dengan konjungsi sederajat:
  • My boss is sincere and nice. (Bosku pemurah dan baik)
  • The exam that he gave was short but difficult. (Ulangan yang dia berikan singkat tetapi sulit)
  • Class can be interesting or boring. (Kelas bisa menarik atau membosankan)
D. Contoh dua frasa (phrase) yang digabungkan dengan konjungsi sederajat:
  • There are students in the classroom and in front of the building. (Ada para pelajar di ruang kelas dan di depan gedung)
  • The papers are on my desk or in the drawer. (Kertas-kertas itu ada di atas meja atau di dalam laci)
  • The checks will be ready not at noon but at 1:00. (Cek-cek tersebut akan disiapkan bukan pada siang hari tetapi jam 1:00)
E. Contoh dua klausa (clause) yang digabungkan dengan konjungsi sederajat:
  • They are not interested in what you say or what you do. (Mereka tidak tertarik pada apa yang kamu katakan atau apa yang kamu lakukan)
  • I am here because I have to be and because I want to be. (Saya di sini karena saya harus di sini dan karena saya ingin di sini)
  • Mr. Brown likes to go home early, but his wife prefers to stay late. (Mr. Brown suka pulang lebih awal, tetapi istrinya lebih suka terlambat)

RUMUS KUNCI 24

Parallel Structure With Coordinate Conjunctions
(same structure) (same structure)
(same structure), (same structure), (same structure)

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  Materi Kunci 24
Pembahasan:
Present participle "changing" tidak paralel dengan verb "adopted". Konektor sederajat "but" menunjukkan bahwa kedua struktur harus paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C), karena seharusnya "changed", bukan "changing".
Pembahasan:
Verb "can't hear" tidak paralel dengan ajektif "hairless" dan "blind". Konektor sederajat "and" menunjukkan bahwa ketiga struktur harus paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D), karena seharusnya "deaf", bukan "can't hear".
Pembahasan:
Kata keterangan "lightly" tidak paralel dengan kata benda "carbon dioxide" dan "water". Pasalnya, konektor sederajat "and" dan tanda koma yang mengikuti "dioxide" dan "water" menunjukkan bahwa struktur tersebut harus paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D), karena seharusnya "light", bukan "lightly".
Pembahasan:
Verb dan frasa preposisi "are under piles... " tidak paralel dengan frasa preposisi "in the hollows...". Konektor sederajat "or" menununjukkan bahwa mereka harus paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D), karena seharusnya "under", bukan "are under".
Pembahasan:
Kata sifat "stony" tidak paralel dengan kata benda "pottery". Konektor sederajat "or" menunjukkan bahwa kedua kata tersebut harus paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D), karena seharusnya "stone", bukan "stony".
Pembahasan:
Kata benda "impairment" tidak paralel dengan verb "dull". Pasalnya, adanya konektor sederajat "and" menunjukkan bahwa mereka harus paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C), karena seharusnya "impair", bukan "impairment".
Pembahasan:
Kata benda komparasi "more...orientation" tidak parelel dengan kata sifat komparasi "larger". Pasalnya, adanya konektor sederajat "and", menunjukkan bahwa kedua struktur tersebut harus paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D), karena seharusnya "oriented", bukan "orientation".
Pembahasan:
Present participle "having" tidak paralel dengan verb "are". Pasalnya, adanya konektor sederajat "but", menunjukkan bahwa kedua struktur tersebut harus paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (A), karena seharusnya "have", bukan "having".
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