STRUCTURE

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KUNCI LISTENING 21
  1. Focus on The Last Dialogue   2. Choose Answers with Synonyms   3. Avoid Similar Sounds   4. Draw Conclusions About Who, What, and Where   5. Listen for Who and What In Passives   6. Listen for Who and What With Multiple Nouns   7. Listen for Negative Expressions   8. Listen for Double Negative Expressions   9. Listen for "Almost Negative" Expressions 10. Listen for Negatives With Comparatives 11. Listen for Expressions of Agreement 12. Listen for Expressions of Uncertainty and Suggestion 13. Listen for Emphatic Expressions of Surprise 14. Listen for Wishes 15. Listen for Untrue Conditions 16. Listen for Two and Three Part Verbs 17. Listen for Idioms 18. Strategies of Long Conversation 19. Listen for Answer in Order 20. Strategies of Long Talk 21. Listen for Answer in Order
KUNCI STRUCTURE 60
A. Sentences with One Clause   1. Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb   2. Be careful of objects of prepositions   3. Be careful of appositives   4. Be careful of present participles   5. Be careful of past participles B. Sentences with Multiple Clauses   6. Use coordinate connectors correctly   7. Use adverb time And cause connectors correctly   8. Use other adverb connectors correctly C. More Sentences with Multiple Clauses   9. Use noun clause connectors correctly 10. Use noun clause connector/subjects correctly 11. Use adjective clause connectors correctly 12. Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly D. Sentences with Reduced Clauses 13. Use reduced adjective clauses correctly 14. Use reduced adverb clauses correctly E. Sentences with Inverted Subjects and Verbs 15. Invert the subject and verb with question words 16. Invert the subject and verb with place expressions 17. Invert the subject and verb with negatives 18. Invert the subject and verb with conditionals 19. Invert the subject and verb with comparisons F. Problems with Subject/Verb Agreement 20. Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases 21. Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity 22. Make inverted verbs agree 23. Make verbs agree after certain words G. Problems with Parallel Structure 24. Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions 25. Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions 26. Use parallel structure with comparisons H. Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives 27. Form comparatives and superlatives correctly 28. Use comparatives and superlatives correctly 29. Use the irregular -er, -er structure correctly I. Problems with the Form of the Verb 30. After have, use the past participle 31. After be, use the present participle or the past participle 32. After will, would, or other modals, use the base form of the verb J. Problems with the Use of the Verb 33. Know when to use the past with the present 34. Use have and had correctly 35. Use the correct tense with time expressions 36. Use the correct tense with will and would K. Problems with Passive Verbs 37. Use the correct form of the passive 38. Recognize active and passive meanings L. Problems with Nouns 39. Use the correct singular or plural noun 40. Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns 41. Recognize irregular plurals of nouns 42. Distinguish the person from the thing M. Problems with Pronouns 43. Distinguish subject and object pronouns 44. Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns 45. Check pronoun reference for agreement N. Problems with Adjectives and Adverbs 46. Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly 47. Use adjectives after linking verbs 48. Position adjectives and adverbs correctly O. More Problems with Adjectives 49. Recognize -ly adjectives 50. Use predicate adjectives correctly 51. Use -ed and -ing adjectives correctly P. Problems with Articles 52. Use articles with singular nouns 53. Distinguish a and an 54. Make articles agree with nouns 55. Distinguish specific and general ideas Q. Problems with Prepositions 56. Recognize incorrect prepositions 57. Recognize when prepositions have been omitted R. Problems with Usage 58. Distinguish make and do 59. Distinguish like, alike, and unlike 60. Distinguish other, another, and others
KUNCI READING 13
A. Question about the Ideas of the Passage   1. Answer Main Idea Questions Correctly   2. Recognize The Organization of Ideas B. Directly Answered Questions   3. Answer Stated Detail Questions Correctly   4. Find "unstated" Details   5. Find Pronouns Referents C. Vocabulary Questions   6. Answer Implied Detail Questions Correctly   7. Answer Transition Questions Correctly D. Vocabulary Questions   8. Find Definitions From Structural Clues   9. Determine Meanings From Word Parts 10. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Difficult Words 11. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words E. Overall Review Questions 12. Determine Where Specific Information Is Found 13. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words
PRAKTIK TES 5
    1. Practice One     2. Practice Two     3. Practice Three     4. Practice Four     5. Practice Five
STATISTIC 4
    1. Statistic Listening     2. Statistic Structure     3. Statistic Reading     4. Statistic Practice
INTERMEZZO 1
    1. Intermezzo
APPENDIX 9
    1. Irregular Verb     2. Idiomatic Expression     3. Preposition     4. Word Prefix     5. Word Suffix     6. Word Part     7. Tenses     8. TOEFL Words     9. Similar Sound
INFO TOEFL 8
    1. Tempat Tes TOEFL     2. Jenis Tes TOEFL     3. Strategi Tes TOEFL     4. Tips Tes TOEFL     5. Persyaratan TOEFL     6. Registrasi Tes TOEFL     7. Manfaat Tes TOEFL     8. Sertifikat TOEFL
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Kunci Rahasia 19Close

Invert The Subject and Verb With Comparisons
Membalikkan Subjek dan Kata Kerja dengan Perbandingan
Sebuah subyek dan kata kerja yang dibalik mungkin juga muncul setelah kata perbandingan. Pembalikan sebuah subjek dan kata kerja setelah kata perbandingan adalah sebuah pilihan, bukan keharusan, tapi ini strukturnya agak formal. Perhatikan tiga kalimat di bawah ini.

My sister spends more hours in the office than John.
My sister spends more hours in the office than John does.
My sister spends more hours in the office than does John.
(Saudara perempuan saya menghabiskan lebih lama di kantor daripada John)

Ketiga contoh ini berisi perbandingan more …. than, dan semuanya benar dalam bahasa Inggris. Ini mungkin terjadi hanya dengan kata benda "John", seperti dalam contoh pertama. Mungkin juga untuk perbandingan yang diikuti subjek dan kata kerja "John does", seperti pada contoh kedua. Mungkin juga perbandingan diikuti oleh subjek dan kata kerja yang dibalik "does John", seperti di contoh ketiga.

Berikut contoh yang menunjukan bagaimana pola kalimat ini bisa diuji dalam struktur pertanyaan pada test TOEFL.

The results of the current experiment appear to be more consistent than_______  the results of any previous tests.
(A)   them
(B)   were
(C)   they were
(D)   were they

Di contoh soal ini, kamu harus memperhatikan more consistent than, dan memahami bahwa The results of the current experiment diperbandingkan dengan the results of any previous tests. Karena the results of any previous tests adalah subjek, hanya sebuah kata kerja yang dibutuhkan. Untuk itu, jawaban yang tepat dari soal ini adalah (B). Kita tahu bahwa memungkinkan subjek dan kata kerja dapat dibalik setelah sebuah perbandingan. Dalam bentuk kalimat ini, subjek the results of any previous tests datang setelah kata kerja were.

Perhatikan struktur kalimat berikut ini.
The results of the current experiment appear to be more consistent than the results of any previous tests  were .
The results of the current experiment appear to be more consistent than were the results of any  previous tests. (dibalik/inverted)
Sama seperti contoh sebelumnya:
My sister spends more hours in the office than John does.
My sister spends more hours in the office than does John. (dibalik/inverted)

RUMUS KUNCI 19

Berikut bagan pola kalimat yang diggunakan bersama perbandingan.
Inverted Subjects and Verbs With Comparisons
Subjek dan verb dapat terbalik setelah kalimat komparasi

Mari kita mulai latihan dari contoh-contoh berikut ini. Klik "Close"

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  Materi Kunci 19
Pembahasan:
Kalimat ini berisi klausa utama "A motionless atom is" dan pernyataan komparasi "colder than". Komparasi dapat diikuti oleh subjek dan verb yang dibalik. Poin (D) adalah jawaban yang tepat karena berisi subjek dan verb yang dibalik "is a moving atom". Sedangkan poin (A) berisi frasa preposisi, poin (B) berisi infinitif, dan poin (C) berisi verb yang direduksi, sehingga ketiganya bukan jawaban yang tepat.
Pembahasan:
Kalimat ini memiliki klausa utama sempurna "Lifestyle is..." dan pernyataan komparasi yang belum sempurna "more important....". Komparasi dapat diikuti oleh subjek dan verb yang dibalik. Poin (D) adalah jawaban yang tepat karena berisi bagian dari komparasi "than" serta subjek dan verb yang dibalik "are genetics". Sedangkan poin (A) berisi konektor tambahan dan subjek dan verb yang tidak dibalik, poin (B) berisi frasa preposisi, dan poin (C) berisi kata keterangan, sehingga ketiganya bukan jawaban yang tepat.
Pembahasan:
Kalimat ini memiliki klausa utama "There has been a string..." dan pernyataan komparasi "more...than". Komparasi dapat diikuti oleh subjek dan verb yang dibalik. Poin (B) adalah jawaban yang tepat karena berisi subjek dan verb yang dibalik "are current engines". Sedangkan poin (A) berisi infinitif, poin (C) berisi frasa preposisi, dan poin (D) berisi ajektif, sehingga ketiganya bukan jawaban yang tepat.
Pembahasan:
Kalimat ini memiliki klausa utama "The hunting season for firearms is" dan pernyataan komparasi "more...than". Komparasi dapat diikuti oleh subjek dan verb yang dibalik. Poin (B) adalah jawaban yang tepat karena berisi subjek dan verb yang dibalik "is the archery season". Sedangkan poin (A) berisi infinitif, poin (C) berisi frasa preposisi, dan poin (D) berisi verb, sehingga ketiganya bukan jawaban yang tepat.
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