(1)      Schizophrenia is often confused with multiple personality disorder yet is quite distinct from it. Schizophrenia is one of the more common mental disorders, considerably more common than multiple personality disorder. The term "schizophrenia" is composed of roots which mean "a splitting of the mind," but it does not refer to a division into separate and distinct personalities, as occurs with multiple personality disorder. Instead, schizophrenic behavior is generally characterized by illogical thought patterns and withdrawal from reality. Schizophrenics often live in a fantasy world where they hear voices that others cannot hear, often voices of famous people. Schizophrenics tend to withdraw from families and friends and communicate mainly with the "voices" that they hear in their minds.

(2)      It is common for the symptoms of schizophrenia to develop during the late teen years or early twenties, but the causes of schizophrenia are not well understood. It is believed that heredity may play a part in the onset of schizophrenia. In addition, abnormal brain chemistry also seems to have a role; certain brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters, have been found to be at abnormal levels in some schizophrenics.

(1)      The era of modern sports began with the first Olympic games in 1896, and since the dawn of this new era, women have made great strides in the arena of running. In the early years, female runners faced numerous restrictions in the world of competitive running. Even though women were banned from competing in the 1896 Olympics, one Greek woman ran unofficially in the men's marathon. She had to stop outside the Olympic stadium, finishing with a time of 4 hours and 30 minutes. Four years later, women were still prohibited from Olympic competition because, according to members of the International Olympic Committee, it was not appropriate for women to compete in any event that caused them to sweat. In the 1928 Olympics, women were finally granted permission to compete in running events. However, because some of the participants collapsed at the finish of the 800-meter race, it was decided to limit women runners to races of 200 meters or less in the Olympics four years later. The women's 800-meter race was not reintroduced to the Olympic games until 1960. Over a decade later, in 1972, the 1500-meter race was added. It was not until 1984 that the women's marathon was made an Olympic event.

(2)      Before 1984, women had been competing in long-distance races outside of the Olympics. In 1963, the first official women's marathon mark of 3 hours and 27 minutes was set by Dale Greig. Times decreased until 1971, when Beth Bonner first broke the three-hour barrier with a time of 2:55. A year later, President Nixon signed the Title IX law, which said that no person could be excluded from participating in sports on the basis of sex. This was a turning point in women's running and resulted in federal funding for schools that supported women athletes. In 1978, Greta Waitz set a new world marathon record of 2:32 at the New York City Marathon. Joan Benoit broke that record by ten minutes in 1983 and went on to win the first-ever women's Olympic marathon in 1984; since then, performances by women in the Olympic marathon have continued to improve with each staging of the Olympics.

(1)      Another type of lizard, Jackson's chameleon is a remarkable model of adaptability, one whose ability to adjust to varying environments exceeds that of other members of its species. True to the reputation of the species, Jackson's chameleon is a master of camouflage. Special skin cells called chromatophores enable the chameleon to change the pigment in its skin rapidly and escape detection. While the lizard is stalking its prey, it moves very slowly, in a deliberate rocking gait so as to appear to be a part of a branch moved by a gentle breeze. Jackson's chameleon also has the ability to change the shape of its body. By elongating itself, it can look like a twig; by squeezing its sides laterally, it can appear flattened like a leaf. These camouflaging techniques also help the chameleon to escape detection from predators.

(2)      The color change that is characteristic of all chameleons is not solely for the purpose of camouflage. Jackson's chameleon, like all lizards, is an ectotherm that depends on the sun to maintain its body temperature. By changing to a darker color in the morning hours, it can absorb more heat. Once it has reached its optimal body temperature of 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius), it changes to a paler hue. Through color change, the chameleon can also communicate its mood to other members of the species. A color change may signal a warning to stay away or an invitation to draw closer.

(3)      Jackson's chameleon has further exemplified its adaptive nature in a way that surpasses other chameleons in its noteworthy migration to a new home: it has become a well-established resident of the Hawaiian Islands even though it is indigenous to the highland rain forests of Kenya and Tanzania. As the story goes, back in 1972 a pet shop owner on the island of Oahu imported several dozen Jackson's chameleons to be sold as pets. When the shipment arrived, the reptiles were emaciated and dehydrated, so the pet shop owner released the lizards into his lush garden, assuming that he could recapture them after they had revived. The chameleons escaped and spread throughout the island, where they thrived in the moist, well-planted tropical flora. Relishing the habitat of secondary growth forest, agricultural areas, and even residential gardens, the chameleon found a ready-made home in its adopted environment.

(4)      Jackson's chameleons continued their unsolicited migration to other islands in the chain as the popular lizards were captured by hikers and other visitors to the island, who took them home and released them in their gardens. This is now a truly ubiquitous lizard; that is, it is now commonplace on all the major Hawaiian Islands.