STRUCTURE

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KUNCI LISTENING 21
  1. Focus on The Last Dialogue   2. Choose Answers with Synonyms   3. Avoid Similar Sounds   4. Draw Conclusions About Who, What, and Where   5. Listen for Who and What In Passives   6. Listen for Who and What With Multiple Nouns   7. Listen for Negative Expressions   8. Listen for Double Negative Expressions   9. Listen for "Almost Negative" Expressions 10. Listen for Negatives With Comparatives 11. Listen for Expressions of Agreement 12. Listen for Expressions of Uncertainty and Suggestion 13. Listen for Emphatic Expressions of Surprise 14. Listen for Wishes 15. Listen for Untrue Conditions 16. Listen for Two and Three Part Verbs 17. Listen for Idioms 18. Strategies of Long Conversation 19. Listen for Answer in Order 20. Strategies of Long Talk 21. Listen for Answer in Order
KUNCI STRUCTURE 60
A. Sentences with One Clause   1. Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb   2. Be careful of objects of prepositions   3. Be careful of appositives   4. Be careful of present participles   5. Be careful of past participles B. Sentences with Multiple Clauses   6. Use coordinate connectors correctly   7. Use adverb time And cause connectors correctly   8. Use other adverb connectors correctly C. More Sentences with Multiple Clauses   9. Use noun clause connectors correctly 10. Use noun clause connector/subjects correctly 11. Use adjective clause connectors correctly 12. Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly D. Sentences with Reduced Clauses 13. Use reduced adjective clauses correctly 14. Use reduced adverb clauses correctly E. Sentences with Inverted Subjects and Verbs 15. Invert the subject and verb with question words 16. Invert the subject and verb with place expressions 17. Invert the subject and verb with negatives 18. Invert the subject and verb with conditionals 19. Invert the subject and verb with comparisons F. Problems with Subject/Verb Agreement 20. Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases 21. Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity 22. Make inverted verbs agree 23. Make verbs agree after certain words G. Problems with Parallel Structure 24. Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions 25. Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions 26. Use parallel structure with comparisons H. Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives 27. Form comparatives and superlatives correctly 28. Use comparatives and superlatives correctly 29. Use the irregular -er, -er structure correctly I. Problems with the Form of the Verb 30. After have, use the past participle 31. After be, use the present participle or the past participle 32. After will, would, or other modals, use the base form of the verb J. Problems with the Use of the Verb 33. Know when to use the past with the present 34. Use have and had correctly 35. Use the correct tense with time expressions 36. Use the correct tense with will and would K. Problems with Passive Verbs 37. Use the correct form of the passive 38. Recognize active and passive meanings L. Problems with Nouns 39. Use the correct singular or plural noun 40. Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns 41. Recognize irregular plurals of nouns 42. Distinguish the person from the thing M. Problems with Pronouns 43. Distinguish subject and object pronouns 44. Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns 45. Check pronoun reference for agreement N. Problems with Adjectives and Adverbs 46. Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly 47. Use adjectives after linking verbs 48. Position adjectives and adverbs correctly O. More Problems with Adjectives 49. Recognize -ly adjectives 50. Use predicate adjectives correctly 51. Use -ed and -ing adjectives correctly P. Problems with Articles 52. Use articles with singular nouns 53. Distinguish a and an 54. Make articles agree with nouns 55. Distinguish specific and general ideas Q. Problems with Prepositions 56. Recognize incorrect prepositions 57. Recognize when prepositions have been omitted R. Problems with Usage 58. Distinguish make and do 59. Distinguish like, alike, and unlike 60. Distinguish other, another, and others
KUNCI READING 13
A. Question about the Ideas of the Passage   1. Answer Main Idea Questions Correctly   2. Recognize The Organization of Ideas B. Directly Answered Questions   3. Answer Stated Detail Questions Correctly   4. Find "unstated" Details   5. Find Pronouns Referents C. Vocabulary Questions   6. Answer Implied Detail Questions Correctly   7. Answer Transition Questions Correctly D. Vocabulary Questions   8. Find Definitions From Structural Clues   9. Determine Meanings From Word Parts 10. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Difficult Words 11. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words E. Overall Review Questions 12. Determine Where Specific Information Is Found 13. Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words
PRAKTIK TES 5
    1. Practice One     2. Practice Two     3. Practice Three     4. Practice Four     5. Practice Five
STATISTIC 4
    1. Statistic Listening     2. Statistic Structure     3. Statistic Reading     4. Statistic Practice
INTERMEZZO 1
    1. Intermezzo
APPENDIX 9
    1. Irregular Verb     2. Idiomatic Expression     3. Preposition     4. Word Prefix     5. Word Suffix     6. Word Part     7. Tenses     8. TOEFL Words     9. Similar Sound
INFO TOEFL 8
    1. Tempat Tes TOEFL     2. Jenis Tes TOEFL     3. Strategi Tes TOEFL     4. Tips Tes TOEFL     5. Persyaratan TOEFL     6. Registrasi Tes TOEFL     7. Manfaat Tes TOEFL     8. Sertifikat TOEFL
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Kunci Rahasia 29Close

Use the Irregular -er, -er Structure Correctly
Gunakan Struktur Kata Tidak Beraturan -er Secara Tepat
Sebuah struktur komparasi tidak beraturan (irregular) sering muncul dalam tes TOEFL berisi dua perbandingan lebih sejenis dimasukan dengan kata the

The harder he tried, the further he fell behind. (Lebih keras dia mencoba, lebih Iagi dia merasa ketinggalan)
The older the children are, the more their parents expect from them. (Lebih tua anak-anaknya, lebih orang tuanya berharap dari mereka)

Contoh pertama berisi dua perbandingan sederajat, the harder dan the further. Contoh kedua berisi dua perbandingan sederajat, the older dan the more.
Di dalam bentuk kalimat ini, the dan tingkat perbandinganya bisa diikuti oleh beberapa struktur yang berbeda.

The more children you have, the bigger the house you need.
(Lebih banyak anak yang kamu punya, lebih besar rumah yang kamu perlukan)

The harder you work, the more you accomplish.
(Lebih keras kamu bekerja, lebih banyak yang kamu selesaikan)

The greater the experience, the higher the salary.
(Lebih banyak pengalaman, lebih tinggi gajinya)

Pada contoh pertama, kata the more diikuti dengan kata benda children, subjek you, dan kata kerja have, sementara itu the bigger diikuti dengan kata benda the house, subjek you, dan kata kerja need.
Pada contoh kedua, the harder diikuti oleh subjek dan kata kerja you work, sementara kata the more diikuti dengan subjek dan kata kerja you accomplish.
Pada contoh ketiga, the greater diikuti hanya dengan kata the experience, sementara itu the higher hanya diikuti kata benda the salary. Kamu sebaiknya mencatat bahwa contoh terakhir belum dilengkapi sebuah kata kerja. Namun, ini pun adalah sebuah struktur yang benar dalam bahasa Inggris.

RUMUS KUNCI 29

Berikut ini skema pembentukan struktur kata tidak beraturan –lebih (-er), struktur –er
THE -ER, -ER STRUCTURE
THE (same structure), THE (same structure)

Mari kita mulai latihan dari contoh-contoh berikut ini. Klik "Close"

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  Materi Kunci 29
Pembahasan:
Kalimat ini memiliki bagian pertama dari struktur komparasi tidak beraturan (irregular) "The higher". Kalimat tersebut membutuhkan struktur komparasi paralel agar jadi kalimat sempurna. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C), karena seharusnya "greater the", bukan "great".
Pembahasan:
Kalimat ini memiliki bagian pertama dari struktur komparasi tidak beraturan "the more". Agar jadi kalimat sempurna, kalimat ini membutuhkan struktur komparasi paralel. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D), karena seharusnya "the deeper it penetrates", bukan "it penetrates deeper".
Pembahasan:
Di dalam kalimat ini terdapat irregular comparative pada struktur bagian kedua, "the greater". Kalimat ini membutuhkan struktur paralel komparasi untuk menyempurnakannya. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (A), karena seharusnya "The more", bukan "More".
Pembahasan:
Kalimat ini memiliki struktur irregular comparative pada bagian pertama, yaitu "The less available and more expensive". Kalimat in membutuhkan struktur paralel komparasi untuk melengkapinya. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D), karena seharusnya "the more difficult it is", bukan "it is difficult".
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